IP location in advertising is nothing new, but if and how accurate it is? How do we know where this user using an IP is?

What IP exactly is?

IP stands for Internet Protocol address, and it is an integral part of the internet itself. Every single piece of the information has a source and destination IP address attached. Without this information, the internet would not work at all.

How do we know where the IP address is located?

And now it gets a bit harder. Every country in the world receives a pool/segment of available public IP addresses that are distributed internally. Each ISP (Internet Service Provider – Telecommunication company) receives some IP addresses which they can use.

We know with high accuracy from which country our IP address is coming because it is distributed on the international administration level.

The problem is where the user using a specific IP address is precisely located. Each ISP distributes small pools of the IP addresses to the regional providers. And because of that, we can determine in which region of the country which IP address is used.

Can the ISP change the IP location?

Absolutely yes. It is a day-to-day practice mostly for mobile phones internet access. If we have a huge event in one city/region of the country, ISP providers can assign some IP addresses from less trafficked locations to the location with temporary extremely high demand accessing the network by mobile devices. And after 1-2 weeks, they can switch those IP addresses back to the original location, or assign somewhere else.

So if we have an IP based campaign for Geneva, Switzerland, a significant part of the campaign traffic can be delivered to Davos because of the World Economic Forum.

And because allocations of the IP address is done so quickly, there is no chance that our advertising platform would detect this change quickly enough.

How does the GEO IP location address work?

Some ISP’s share information about the location if the IP addresses but is not common practice, and if they do, it does not mean that the real physical location of the IP is correct. 

Geolocation services have access to several databases that give them the information needed to locate someone IP address. Those databases are updated manually from time to time.

The most popular location service ip2location says in the documentation: “This is a manual process and requires actual usage from any IP address in order for us to determine the related ISP name and location. Therefore, there might be some update delays in the database for any newly assigned IP address ranges.”

How accurate is the GEO IP location?

For Switzerland, ip2location claims that 81% of their IP addresses are accurate within the 80km radius range. Other alternative services show similar accuracy.

Why my home location is not accurate?

If you are using a fiber optic internet connection at home, you might notice that your location is wrong. That is because your fiber optic cable leads to the local ISP data center, which is often located 10-40km from your real position.

That also means that all your devices connected via WiFi will have an inaccurate location. And location in the mobile browser is also not acurate as expected. It also failes very often.

How advertising platforms know where I am?

Every asset that we access on the internet receives our IP address. If we load a website with the ads, our browser needs to download some JavaScript/HTML assets from Google/Xandr/Facebook to let the ads work. And because our IP address is always attached to every request we send, advertising platforms can process of determining your location.

But this location will be as much accurate as an example described above.

How lack of IDFA on iOS 14 will impact location targeting?

That is a problem, to be honest. As described above, desktop and mobile web GEO/IP locations, even with Google Maps, is not accurate and, in many cases, no possible to acquire. Access to the most precise GPS location could have only native apps with physical access to the GPS location, but only if the user chose to be tracked.

Without IDFA, publishers will not be able to precisely match users located outside of the app on the mobile web environment, so the quality of the location-driven campaigns where the area is smaller then 10-30KM might be a problem if you really need to target users from a specific area.

Links

• https://www.ip2location.com/data-accuracy
• https://www.ip2location.com/faqs
• How iOS 14 will change programmatic mobile advertising

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